The 'Happy End Problem' (or the 'Erdős-Szekeres Theorem for convex polygons'), solved in 1935 by Paul Erdős and George Szekeres, states that for any integer n >= 3, any sufficientl...
Paul Erdős, George Szekeres
The 'Chaos Game' applied to an equilateral triangle, where a point starts anywhere and repeatedly moves halfway towards a randomly chosen vertex, will generate the Sierpinski Trian...
Michael Barnsley
The visual system actively suppresses 'eye floaters' (muscae volitantes), tiny specks of cellular debris in the vitreous humor, by continuously adapting to their presence, making t...
The 'Ramsey Theory' states that complete disorder is impossible. Even in highly unstructured systems, some order must inevitably appear. For example, Ramsey's theorem guarantees th...
Frank P. Ramsey
Radioactive decay is fundamentally a probabilistic process; it's impossible to predict when a single unstable nucleus will decay, only the statistical average of a large number of ...