Lynn Margulis

Biology American 1938 – 2011 395 quotes

A prominent evolutionary theorist who championed the endosymbiotic theory, explaining the origin of eukaryotic cells.

Most quoted

"Science is not about control. It is about cultivating a perpetual condition of wonder in the face of something that forever grows one step richer and subtler than our latest theory about it."

— from Essay

"Symbiosis is the driving force of evolution. It is the process by which different organisms come together to form new, more complex systems."

"Science is not just a collection of facts, but a way of understanding the world. It is a process of inquiry, discovery, and exploration."

All quotes by Lynn Margulis (395)

The idea that we can control nature is a dangerous illusion.

Interview

The scientific method is not a rigid set of rules, but a creative process of inquiry.

Interview

The greatest discoveries often come from outside the mainstream.

Interview

We are not separate from the environment; we are the environment.

Interview

The idea of a 'master gene' controlling development is a myth.

Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origins of Species

The origin of life was not a single event, but a continuous process of symbiotic association.

Symbiotic Planet: A New Look at Evolution

The human mind is a product of millions of years of microbial evolution.

Interview

We are walking communities of bacteria.

Various lectures and writings

Symbiosis is not a marginal biological phenomenon; it is the dominant and most powerful force of evolution.

Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origins of Species

The idea that species are constant is wrong. They are not. They are fluid. They are dynamic.

Various lectures

The cell, the organism, is not a unitary entity. It is a consortium.

Symbiotic Planet

Gaia is a tough bitch.

Interview in 'The Third Culture' 1995

Evolution is no linear family tree, but change in the single multidimensional being that has grown to cover the entire surface of Earth.

Symbiotic Planet 1998

The appearance of new life forms is a result of symbiosis, not mutation.

Acquiring Genomes

The mitochondria in our cells were once free-living bacteria.

Symbiosis in Cell Evolution

The planet is not a rock with life on it; it is a living system.

Gaia theory contributions

We are all symbionts on a symbiotic planet.

Symbiotic Planet 1998

The modern evolutionary synthesis is incomplete because it ignores the symbiotic origin of cells.

Various writings

The idea of the 'selfish gene' is a gross oversimplification. Genes are team players in a cellular consortium.

Critique of Neo-Darwinism

Bacteria are the world's greatest chemists.

Various lectures