Aryabhata
He proposed a heliocentric model with Earth rotating on its axis and accurately calculated the length of the sidereal year.
Most quoted
"Just as a person in a boat going forward sees the stationary objects on the shore as moving backward, just so are the stars, though stationary, seen by the people on the earth as moving westward."
— from Aryabhatiya, Gola (Sphere) Chapter, Verse 9
"Just as a man in a boat going forward sees the stationary objects on the shore as moving backward, just so are the stars seen as moving backward by the people on the Earth moving forward."
— from Aryabhatiya (rephrasing of a core concept)
"Just as a person in a boat moving forward sees the stationary objects on the bank as moving backward, in the same way, a person on the Earth sees the stationary stars as moving backward."
— from Aryabhatiya, Gola (Sphere) 9, 499
All quotes by Aryabhata (366)
The Earth revolves around its own axis every day, causing the apparent motion of the stars.
Just as a man in a boat going forward sees a stationary object moving backward, similarly the stars appear to move when the Earth rotates.
The circumference of the Earth is 1,050 yojanas.
The diameter of the Earth is 1,058 3/4 yojanas.
The Moon shines by the light of the Sun.
Eclipses occur when the Moon comes between the Earth and the Sun, or the Earth between the Moon and the Sun.
The planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun.
The value of pi is approximately 3.1416.
The square root of 10 is 3.162.
Sine of an angle can be calculated using geometric methods.
The volume of a sphere is (4/3)πr³.
The area of a circle is πr².
Time is cyclical, measured in yugas of immense duration.
The universe is infinite in its manifestations, yet governed by mathematical precision.
Knowledge of the heavens leads to understanding the divine order.
Stars are fixed points in the celestial sphere, rotating with it.
The Sun's diameter is 7,000 yojanas.
Planetary periods are determined by their distances from the Earth.
The heliocentric model explains retrograde motion of planets.
Mathematics is the language of the cosmos.