Aryabhata
He proposed a heliocentric model with Earth rotating on its axis and accurately calculated the length of the sidereal year.
Most quoted
"Just as a person in a boat going forward sees the stationary objects on the shore as moving backward, just so are the stars, though stationary, seen by the people on the earth as moving westward."
— from Aryabhatiya, Gola (Sphere) Chapter, Verse 9
"Just as a man in a boat going forward sees the stationary objects on the shore as moving backward, just so are the stars seen as moving backward by the people on the Earth moving forward."
— from Aryabhatiya (rephrasing of a core concept)
"Just as a person in a boat moving forward sees the stationary objects on the bank as moving backward, in the same way, a person on the Earth sees the stationary stars as moving backward."
— from Aryabhatiya, Gola (Sphere) 9, 499
All quotes by Aryabhata (366)
The Earth is surrounded by an atmosphere.
The planets move in elliptical orbits.
The number of days in a Mahayuga is 1577917500.
The Earth's rotation causes the apparent daily motion of the stars.
The method of expressing large numbers using a place-value system with zero.
The calculation of the true positions of the planets.
The rules for calculating the time of eclipses.
The Earth's shadow is conical.
The Moon's shadow is also conical.
The diameter of the Earth is 1600 yojanas.
The number of sidereal revolutions of the Moon in a Mahayuga is 57753336.
The number of sidereal revolutions of the Sun in a Mahayuga is 4320000.
The method for finding the square root of a number.
The method for finding the cube root of a number.
The concept of a 'yuga' as a large unit of time.
The Earth is suspended in space without support.
The calculation of the length of the day and night.
The Earth is a globe.
The stars are fixed in space.
The planets have their own light.