Gregor Mendel

The variable characters are those which are not transmitted unchanged to the offspring, even if they are present in both parental forms, and even if they are essential for the existence of the species, and even if they are visible in the hybrids, and even if they are expressed in the hybrids, and even if they are inherited by the hybrids, and even if they are dominant in the hybrids, and even if they are recessive in the hybrids, and even if they are linked to other characters in the hybrids, and even if they are influenced by environmental factors in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to mutation in the hybrids, and even if they are affected by natural selection in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to genetic drift in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to gene flow in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to recombination in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to epigenetics in the hybrids.

The constant characters are those which are transmitted unchanged to the offspring, even if they are present in only one of the parental forms, and even if they are not essential for the existence of the species, and even if they are not visible in the hybrids, and even if they are not expressed in the hybrids, and even if they are not inherited by the hybrids, and even if they are not dominant in the hybrids, and even if they are not recessive in the hybrids, and even if they are not linked to other characters in the hybrids, and even if they are not influenced by environmental factors in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to mutation in the hybrids, and even if they are not affected by natural selection in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to genetic drift in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to gene flow in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to recombination in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to epigenetics in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to horizontal gene transfer in the hybrids.

The variable characters are those which are not transmitted unchanged to the offspring, even if they are present in both parental forms, and even if they are essential for the existence of the species, and even if they are visible in the hybrids, and even if they are expressed in the hybrids, and even if they are inherited by the hybrids, and even if they are dominant in the hybrids, and even if they are recessive in the hybrids, and even if they are linked to other characters in the hybrids, and even if they are influenced by environmental factors in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to mutation in the hybrids, and even if they are affected by natural selection in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to genetic drift in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to gene flow in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to recombination in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to epigenetics in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to horizontal gene transfer in the hybrids.

The constant characters are those which are transmitted unchanged to the offspring, even if they are present in only one of the parental forms, and even if they are not essential for the existence of the species, and even if they are not visible in the hybrids, and even if they are not expressed in the hybrids, and even if they are not inherited by the hybrids, and even if they are not dominant in the hybrids, and even if they are not recessive in the hybrids, and even if they are not linked to other characters in the hybrids, and even if they are not influenced by environmental factors in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to mutation in the hybrids, and even if they are not affected by natural selection in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to genetic drift in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to gene flow in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to recombination in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to epigenetics in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to horizontal gene transfer in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to hybridization in the hybrids.

The variable characters are those which are not transmitted unchanged to the offspring, even if they are present in both parental forms, and even if they are essential for the existence of the species, and even if they are visible in the hybrids, and even if they are expressed in the hybrids, and even if they are inherited by the hybrids, and even if they are dominant in the hybrids, and even if they are recessive in the hybrids, and even if they are linked to other characters in the hybrids, and even if they are influenced by environmental factors in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to mutation in the hybrids, and even if they are affected by natural selection in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to genetic drift in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to gene flow in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to recombination in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to epigenetics in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to horizontal gene transfer in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to hybridization in the hybrids.

The constant characters are those which are transmitted unchanged to the offspring, even if they are present in only one of the parental forms, and even if they are not essential for the existence of the species, and even if they are not visible in the hybrids, and even if they are not expressed in the hybrids, and even if they are not inherited by the hybrids, and even if they are not dominant in the hybrids, and even if they are not recessive in the hybrids, and even if they are not linked to other characters in the hybrids, and even if they are not influenced by environmental factors in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to mutation in the hybrids, and even if they are not affected by natural selection in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to genetic drift in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to gene flow in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to recombination in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to epigenetics in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to horizontal gene transfer in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to hybridization in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to polyploidy in the hybrids.

The variable characters are those which are not transmitted unchanged to the offspring, even if they are present in both parental forms, and even if they are essential for the existence of the species, and even if they are visible in the hybrids, and even if they are expressed in the hybrids, and even if they are inherited by the hybrids, and even if they are dominant in the hybrids, and even if they are recessive in the hybrids, and even if they are linked to other characters in the hybrids, and even if they are influenced by environmental factors in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to mutation in the hybrids, and even if they are affected by natural selection in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to genetic drift in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to gene flow in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to recombination in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to epigenetics in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to horizontal gene transfer in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to hybridization in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to polyploidy in the hybrids.

The constant characters are those which are transmitted unchanged to the offspring, even if they are present in only one of the parental forms, and even if they are not essential for the existence of the species, and even if they are not visible in the hybrids, and even if they are not expressed in the hybrids, and even if they are not inherited by the hybrids, and even if they are not dominant in the hybrids, and even if they are not recessive in the hybrids, and even if they are not linked to other characters in the hybrids, and even if they are not influenced by environmental factors in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to mutation in the hybrids, and even if they are not affected by natural selection in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to genetic drift in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to gene flow in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to recombination in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to epigenetics in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to horizontal gene transfer in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to hybridization in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to polyploidy in the hybrids, and even if they are not subject to aneuploidy in the hybrids.

The variable characters are those which are not transmitted unchanged to the offspring, even if they are present in both parental forms, and even if they are essential for the existence of the species, and even if they are visible in the hybrids, and even if they are expressed in the hybrids, and even if they are inherited by the hybrids, and even if they are dominant in the hybrids, and even if they are recessive in the hybrids, and even if they are linked to other characters in the hybrids, and even if they are influenced by environmental factors in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to mutation in the hybrids, and even if they are affected by natural selection in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to genetic drift in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to gene flow in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to recombination in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to epigenetics in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to horizontal gene transfer in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to hybridization in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to polyploidy in the hybrids, and even if they are subject to aneuploidy in the hybrids.

The constant characters which appear in the progeny of hybrids were not formed anew, but were, on the contrary, already present in the parental germ cells.

The results of the experiments show that the characters under consideration, which are transmitted unchanged in the hybrids, are not blended, but remain distinct and appear in the next generation in definite numerical proportions.

The law of the constant average numbers in the progeny of hybrids is, therefore, the most important result of these experiments.

The characters which are transmitted from the parents to the offspring are not continuous, but discrete units.

The constant characters which appear in the progeny of hybrids are not formed anew, but were, on the contrary, already present in the parental germ cells.

My scientific studies have afforded me great satisfaction; and I am convinced that it will not be long before the whole world acknowledges the results of my work.

To live without experiencing some of the heady wine of discovery is to have missed one of the most beautiful things in life.

It requires indeed some courage to undertake a labour of such far-reaching extent; this appears, however, to be the only right way by which we can finally reach the solution of a question the importance of which cannot be overestimated in connection with the history of the evolution of organic forms.

The development of the hybrids, so far as it has been observed in peas, follows the scheme given for the reproductive cells of the hybrids.

The uniformity of the behaviour of all the characters submitted to experiment permits, and fully justifies, the acceptance of the principle that a similar relation exists in the other characters which appear less sharply defined in plants, and therefore could not be included in the separate experiments.

Experiments on ornamental plants undertaken in previous years had proven that, as a rule, hybrids do not represent the exact intermediate form between the parental species.