Kenneth Arrow

Economics American 1921 – 2017 52 quotes

A Nobel laureate famous for his impossibility theorem, demonstrating the difficulties of aggregating individual preferences into a consistent social choice.

Quotes by Kenneth Arrow

No social welfare function can simultaneously satisfy the conditions of unrestricted domain, Pareto efficiency, and independence of irrelevant alternatives.

Social Choice and Individual Values 1951

The Arrow Impossibility Theorem shows that any attempt to aggregate individual preferences into a collective choice will run into paradoxes.

Paper on Social Choice 1950

Economics is about choice under scarcity, but in social choices, the scarcity is in consensus.

Interview 1963

Uncertainty is not the same as risk; the former cannot be quantified in probabilities.

Aspects of the Theory of Risk-Bearing 1964

In a competitive market, information asymmetry leads to market failure.

Paper with Michael Spence 1963

The health care market is characterized by substantial market imperfections.

Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care 1963

Equity and efficiency are not always at odds; sometimes they reinforce each other.

Speech at Nobel Lecture 1973

The impossibility theorem teaches us humility in designing democratic institutions.

Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech 1974

General equilibrium theory assumes too much; reality is messier.

Book on General Equilibrium 1954

Innovation is the child of uncertainty, not of certainty.

Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources 1962

In economics, as in life, what we don't know can hurt us more than what we do.

Interview 1980

Social choice is the art of the impossible made possible through compromise.

Collected Papers 1986

Markets are powerful, but they need guardrails to prevent collapse.

Op-Ed on Financial Crisis 2004

The paradox of voting reveals the fragility of democracy.

Social Choice and Individual Values 1951

Risk aversion is a fundamental human trait that shapes economic behavior.

Essays in the Theory of Risk-Bearing 1971

Welfare economics must account for externalities, or it fails.

Social Choice and Individual Values 1951

In the end, economics is about improving human welfare, not just numbers.

Autobiographical Reflections 1991

The second-best theorem: if one market fails, don't assume the rest are perfect.

Paper with Meade 1960

Information is the currency of modern economies, and its distribution is uneven.

Lecture 1973

Democracy's strength lies in its ability to aggregate diverse opinions, despite impossibilities.

Nobel Lecture 1974