Michael Kremer

Famous saying: Innovation thrives where evidence guides action.

Excerpt from major work: Herd immunity through economics, not just epidemiology.

Comeback in debate: Your model assumes away the very frictions we observe.

On life: Balance rigor with empathy in studying human suffering.

Speech excerpt: Global health requires global economic thinking.

Aphorism: Poverty's cure lies in scalable, tested solutions.

Professional observation: RCTs have revolutionized how we think about causation.

Personal reflection: Teaching economics is about empowering the next generation.

Joke: Why do economists love lotteries? They randomize outcomes perfectly.

From letter: Your insights on education vouchers are spot on; let's collaborate.

Interview: The Nobel is a call to action for more empirical work in development.

Key passage: Externalities in health demand collective action.

Witty remark: Assumptions are the opium of the economist.

On meaning: Economics gives purpose by quantifying compassion.

Speech: Inequality is solvable with the right incentives.

Aphorism: Experiment or perish in the face of uncertainty.

Observation: Development is a marathon of micro-interventions.

Reflection: Life's value is in the lives we help improve.

Excerpt: Teacher incentives boost learning in unexpected ways.

Comeback: That's correlation, not causation—let's RCT it.