Simone de Beauvoir — "Every man has a right to be free, and every woman has a right to be free."
Every man has a right to be free, and every woman has a right to be free.
Every man has a right to be free, and every woman has a right to be free.
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"The root of all evil is the belief that one is separate from the rest of humanity."
"When women act like human beings, they are accused of behaving like men."
"To love is to will the other's freedom."
"There is something in the New York air that makes sleep useless."
"Freedom is the right to tell people what they do not want to hear."
French existentialist philosopher whose The Second Sex (1949) is the foundational text of modern feminist theory. Closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre (lifetime partner and existentialist co-founder) and Albert Camus (existentialist contemporary in Paris). For an intellectual contrast, see Camille Paglia, American cultural critic and Sexual Personae author — Paglia argues for biological-essentialist roots of gender that Beauvoir's social-construction view — 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman' — explicitly rejects. The two are the cleanest constructed-vs-essentialist poles in feminist theory.
The standard scholarly entry points to Simone de Beauvoir's work: Toril Moi (Duke, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor) — Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman (1994); Margaret A. Simons (Southern Illinois University, Emerita) — Beauvoir and The Second Sex (1999); Kate Kirkpatrick (Oxford, Regent's Park College) — Becoming Beauvoir: A Life (2019). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Simone de Beauvoir.
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