Simone de Beauvoir — "I am a feminist because I believe in the equality of men and women."
I am a feminist because I believe in the equality of men and women.
I am a feminist because I believe in the equality of men and women.
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"It is in the knowledge of the human heart that we find the true measure of man."
"Freedom is the right to tell people what they do not want to hear."
"The greatest scandal of the world is the one we are all guilty of: the fact that we are born."
"I am a woman, I am a writer, I am a Communist, I am an atheist."
"There is no such thing as a natural woman. Woman is a social construction."
French existentialist philosopher whose The Second Sex (1949) is the foundational text of modern feminist theory. Closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre (lifetime partner and existentialist co-founder) and Albert Camus (existentialist contemporary in Paris). For an intellectual contrast, see Camille Paglia, American cultural critic and Sexual Personae author — Paglia argues for biological-essentialist roots of gender that Beauvoir's social-construction view — 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman' — explicitly rejects. The two are the cleanest constructed-vs-essentialist poles in feminist theory.
The standard scholarly entry points to Simone de Beauvoir's work: Toril Moi (Duke, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor) — Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman (1994); Margaret A. Simons (Southern Illinois University, Emerita) — Beauvoir and The Second Sex (1999); Kate Kirkpatrick (Oxford, Regent's Park College) — Becoming Beauvoir: A Life (2019). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Simone de Beauvoir.
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