Peter the Great — "I am a sovereign and I will answer to no one for my actions."
I am a sovereign and I will answer to no one for my actions.
I am a sovereign and I will answer to no one for my actions.
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"The true measure of a man is not how he behaves in moments of comfort and convenience, but how he stands at times of controversy and challenge."
"It is my great desire to reform my subjects, and yet I am ashamed to confess that I am unable to reform myself."
"The beard is a superfluous ornament."
"I am putting my trust in God and in my cannon."
"I have cut off the beards of my boyars, but I cannot cut off their stubbornness."
Russian tsar (1682-1725) who Westernized Russia, founded St. Petersburg, and built Russia into a European great power. Closely associated with Catherine the Great (later Westernizing Russian empress). For an intellectual contrast, see Old Believers, Russian Orthodox traditionalist movement that rejected Patriarch Nikon's reforms and Peter's modernization — Peter's beard-shaving decrees, Western dress laws, and calendar changes triggered a religious-cultural schism — the founding poles of Russia's eternal 'European modernity vs Slavic tradition' debate that runs through Slavophiles, Solzhenitsyn, and contemporary Putin-era ideology.
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