Alan Turing — "I have had a number of conversations with people who are convinced that machines…"
I have had a number of conversations with people who are convinced that machines cannot think. I have not been convinced by their arguments.
I have had a number of conversations with people who are convinced that machines cannot think. I have not been convinced by their arguments.
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"The computer is a universal machine."
"The more we learn about the brain, the more we realize that it is a very complex machine."
"The computer is a tool for extending the human intellect."
"The game of cricket is one such example of a game which can be played against the computer."
"The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious."
Attributed, general implication from his writings, but exact quote is elusive.
Date: Approx. 1950
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Turing is pushing back against confident dismissals of machine intelligence. He's not claiming machines definitely can think — he's saying the arguments he's heard against it are unconvincing. It's a stance of intellectual precision: refusing to accept philosophical conviction as a substitute for rigorous reasoning. He treats the question as genuinely open, requiring better evidence and argument, not assumption.
In 1950, Turing published "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," proposing what became the Turing Test — a behavioral benchmark for machine cognition. During WWII he built electromechanical Bombe machines that cracked Enigma by automating logical inference. His entire career demonstrated machines doing things once thought exclusively human. When critics insisted machines couldn't think, Turing had direct evidence from his own work that made their certainty look unfounded.
The early 1950s produced the first stored-program computers — Manchester Baby (1948), EDSAC, early IBM systems. Most academics and the public still viewed computers as elaborate calculators, not potential minds. Philosophy of mind, split between behaviorism and Cartesian dualism, largely excluded machines from consciousness by definition. Cold War military investment accelerated computing, yet serious discussion of machine intelligence was treated as science fiction rather than legitimate inquiry.
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