Machiavelli — "In the actions of men, and especially of princes, from which there is no appeal,…"
In the actions of men, and especially of princes, from which there is no appeal, the end justifies the means.
In the actions of men, and especially of princes, from which there is no appeal, the end justifies the means.
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"The promise given was a necessity of the past: the word broken is a necessity of the present."
"Hatred is acquired as much by good works as by evil."
"A prince must not have any other object nor any other thought… but war, its institutions, and its discipline; because that is the only art befitting one who commands."
"No state is ever well established unless it has a good army."
"He who is not strong enough to be a fox and a lion at the same time, will be ruined by either."
Florentine diplomat and political theorist whose The Prince (written 1513) became the founding text of political realism and gave us the adjective 'Machiavellian.' Closely associated with Francesco Guicciardini (fellow Florentine political analyst and historian). For an intellectual contrast, see Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch humanist and The Education of a Christian Prince author (1516) — Erasmus's princely-instruction manual was published three years after Machiavelli's, for the same European audience, and is the explicit Christian-virtue alternative to Machiavellian power-realism. The cleanest 'realism vs idealism' founding pairing in modern political theory.
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