Leonardo da Vinci — "Oh! how many are the times that I have been deceived!"
Oh! how many are the times that I have been deceived!
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More from Leonardo da Vinci
"Truth was the only daughter of time."
"Why does the eye see a thing more clearly in dreams than the imagination when awake?"
"Thou, O God, dost sell us all good things at the price of labour."
"Iron rusts from disuse; stagnant water loses its purity and in cold weather becomes frozen; even so does inaction sap the vigor of the mind."
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Understanding this quote
What it means
A raw cry of accumulated frustration — the recognition that reality, people, or one's own assumptions have repeatedly failed to match expectations. It captures the exhaustion of someone who trusted theories, techniques, or individuals and was proven wrong again and again. The exclamatory tone signals not a single betrayal but a pattern of disappointment that has worn down even the most relentlessly curious and optimistic mind.
Relevance to Leonardo da Vinci
Da Vinci's life overflowed with broken promises and failed experiments. The Sforza bronze horse — years of labor — was destroyed when French troops invaded Milan. Patrons abandoned commissions and underpaid him routinely. His experimental Last Supper technique began deteriorating within his own lifetime. As a scientist, he rigorously tested hypotheses only to revise them constantly. A man of such relentless inquiry inevitably confronted deception — by others, by nature's stubborn complexity, and by his own initial assumptions — more than most.
The era
Renaissance Italy was politically treacherous — fragmented city-states rose and fell, and artists depended entirely on noble patronage that could vanish overnight. Da Vinci lived through the French invasion of Milan in 1499, which toppled his greatest patron, Ludovico Sforza, erasing years of secured work. Beyond politics, the era's collision of medieval scholasticism and new empirical thinking meant accepted wisdom was constantly overturned. Deception by patrons, by inherited theories, and by nature's hidden mechanisms was an occupational hazard for any boundary-pushing mind.
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