Vladimir Lenin — "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles."
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.
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"The goal of socialism is communism."
"The more we learn, the more we see that the old order must be destroyed."
"War is a continuation of policy by other means."
"War is a crime, but it is a necessary crime."
"A revolution is a serious business."
Russian revolutionary who led the October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and founded the Soviet state; What Is to Be Done? (1902) shaped 20th-century revolutionary practice. Closely associated with Leon Trotsky (his Red Army organizer and 1917 partner) and Karl Marx (the source Lenin claimed (and adapted)). For an intellectual contrast, see Karl Popper, Austrian-British philosopher — Popper's The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945) systematically attacked Marx-and-Lenin 'historical inevitability' as the philosophical structure that produces totalitarianism — Lenin's vanguard-party doctrine is Popper's primary 20th-century target.
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