Alan Turing — "The machine will eventually be able to do anything that a human can do."
The machine will eventually be able to do anything that a human can do.
The machine will eventually be able to do anything that a human can do.
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"The original question, 'Can machines think?' I believe to be too meaningless to deserve discussion. Nevertheless I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion …"
"It seems probable that once the machine thinking method had started, it would not take long to outstrip our feeble powers and would take control."
"At some stage therefore we should have to expect the machines to take control."
"The future belongs to those who can master the art of information."
"I don't think that human beings are the be-all and end-all of creation."
Attributed, general implication from his writings, but exact quote is elusive.
Date: Approx. 1950s
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Machines will eventually replicate every cognitive capability humans possess — not just computation, but reasoning, creativity, language, and judgment. Intelligence is not uniquely biological; it is a process that can be mechanized. Given sufficient development, artificial systems will match human mental performance across all domains. This is a bold rejection of the idea that human thought is fundamentally special or unreproducible by non-organic systems.
Turing spent his career building the theoretical and practical foundations for this claim. His 1936 Turing machine formalized computation itself. His 1950 paper 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence' proposed the Turing Test — a direct operationalization of this belief. He worked on early stored-program computers at Manchester University. His entire intellectual project assumed intelligence was substrate-independent: a formal process, not a mystical human property.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the first electronic computers were just emerging — ENIAC, the Manchester Mark 1, the Cambridge EDSAC. Most scientists, philosophers, and the public viewed human thought as categorically beyond mechanical replication, often for religious or philosophical reasons. Norbert Wiener's cybernetics and Shannon's information theory were opening new frameworks, but claiming machines would fully equal humans was genuinely radical and widely dismissed.
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