Arthur Schopenhauer — "The more perfect a being is, the more it suffers."
The more perfect a being is, the more it suffers.
The more perfect a being is, the more it suffers.
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"The only way to be happy is to be unhappy."
"Sleep is the interest we have to pay on the capital which is called health."
"We can regard our life as a uselessly disturbing episode in the blissful repose of nothingness."
"The world is a place where we are all condemned to suffer."
"The only sure way not to be miserable is not to be born."
German philosopher of pessimism whose The World as Will and Representation (1819) defined the suffering-and-renunciation tradition. Closely associated with Immanuel Kant (the system Schopenhauer built on and revised). For an intellectual contrast, see G.W.F. Hegel, German Idealist of the rational unfolding of Spirit — Schopenhauer scheduled his Berlin lectures opposite Hegel's and spent decades attacking Hegel's optimistic system as deliberately mystifying nonsense — the foundational rivalry of 19th-century German philosophy.
The standard scholarly entry points to Arthur Schopenhauer's work: Bryan Magee (Oxford, populariser-philosopher) — The Philosophy of Schopenhauer (1983); Christopher Janaway (Southampton, Schopenhauer specialist) — Self and World in Schopenhauer's Philosophy (1989); David E. Cartwright (Wisconsin–Whitewater) — Schopenhauer: A Biography (2010). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Arthur Schopenhauer.
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