Ibn Battuta — "The people of this city are very religious. They pray five times a day and fast …"
The people of this city are very religious. They pray five times a day and fast during the month of Ramadan.
The people of this city are very religious. They pray five times a day and fast during the month of Ramadan.
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"The infidels are many in this land, and they are very strong."
"I was once attacked by a band of robbers in this land. I fought them off with my sword and managed to escape with my life."
"The people of this land are a bad people, and they are not trustworthy."
"Among their odious customs is that women do not veil themselves, and they are not ashamed of this. Many of the women I saw were more beautiful than the men."
"The women here are very beautiful, and they do not cover their faces. This is a custom that is not found in other Muslim lands."
Moroccan Muslim scholar and explorer whose Rihla (travels) covered ~75,000 miles across the Islamic world from Mali to China — the most-traveled person of the medieval world. Closely associated with Marco Polo (his Venetian counterpart, traveling 50 years earlier in the opposite direction). For an intellectual contrast, see medieval European Christian insularity, the sheltered monastic-feudal worldview of 14th-century Latin Christendom — Ibn Battuta's 30-year journey demonstrates that the 14th-century Dar al-Islam was a single intellectual ecosystem from West Africa to Beijing, while medieval Europe was still tribal and parochial. The cleanest 'connectedness vs insularity' contrast in pre-modern history — Battuta could find a familiar Maliki judge in any city from Mali to Sumatra.
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