Carl Sagan — "The price of skepticism is that you are occasionally fooled. The price of credul…"
The price of skepticism is that you are occasionally fooled. The price of credulity is that you are often fooled.
The price of skepticism is that you are occasionally fooled. The price of credulity is that you are often fooled.
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"One of the saddest lessons of history is this: If we've been bamboozled long enough, we tend to reject any evidence of the bamboozle. We're no longer interested in finding out the truth. The bamboozle…"
"The cosmos is all that is or ever was or ever will be. Our feeblest contemplations of the Cosmos stir up a tingling sensation, a slight challenge for the nerves, a faint foreboding, as if we were appr…"
"If you want to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe."
"One of the saddest lessons of history is this: If we’ve been bamboozled long enough, we tend to reject any evidence of the bamboozle."
"The notion that the pre-Copernican Earth was flat is a common misconception."
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Skepticism and credulity both carry costs — no epistemic position is foolproof. But the costs are wildly unequal: skeptics, who demand evidence before believing, get deceived occasionally. Credulous people, who accept claims uncritically, get deceived constantly. This frames critical thinking not as perfectionism but as pragmatic risk reduction. You will be wrong sometimes either way; the question is how often. Skepticism minimizes deception at a low, acceptable cost.
Sagan spent his career arguing that scientific thinking wasn't just for scientists — it was essential self-defense for everyone. His 1995 book The Demon-Haunted World built an entire "baloney detection kit" around exactly this logic. He co-founded CSICOP to investigate paranormal claims rigorously. As an astronomer, he watched pseudoscience — astrology, UFO cults, creationism — erode public reasoning. This quote distills his central conviction: skepticism protects, credulity exploits.
Sagan wrote and spoke primarily from the 1960s through the mid-1990s — an era when television amplified misinformation to mass audiences, the New Age movement normalized paranormal belief, and UFO abduction claims dominated tabloids. The Cold War framed nuclear decisions around public fear rather than evidence. By 1995, he saw American culture drifting toward mysticism and conspiracy thinking, making the case for skepticism feel urgent rather than merely philosophical.
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