Peter the Great — "The sea is our future."
The sea is our future.
The sea is our future.
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"He who is afraid of death will never do anything great."
"I am a pupil and I need teachers."
"We need Europe for a few decades; then we must turn our back on it."
"I have to drag my people out of darkness into the light."
"He who fears to be a loser, cannot be a winner."
Russian tsar (1682-1725) who Westernized Russia, founded St. Petersburg, and built Russia into a European great power. Closely associated with Catherine the Great (later Westernizing Russian empress). For an intellectual contrast, see Old Believers, Russian Orthodox traditionalist movement that rejected Patriarch Nikon's reforms and Peter's modernization — Peter's beard-shaving decrees, Western dress laws, and calendar changes triggered a religious-cultural schism — the founding poles of Russia's eternal 'European modernity vs Slavic tradition' debate that runs through Slavophiles, Solzhenitsyn, and contemporary Putin-era ideology.
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