John Maynard Keynes

Economics English 1883 – 1946 300 quotes

Most influential economist of the 20th century

Most quoted

"The master-economist must possess a rare combination of gifts. He must be mathematician, historian, statesman, philosopher—in some degree. He must understand symbols and speak in words. He must contemplate the particular in terms of the general, and touch the abstract and the concrete in the same flight of thought. He must study the present in the light of the past for the purposes of the future. No part of man's nature or his institutions must lie entirely outside his regard. He must be purposeful and disinterested in a simultaneous mood; as aloof and incorruptible as an artist, yet sometimes as near the earth as a politician."

— from Alfred Marshall, 1842-1924

"The master-economist must possess a rare combination of gifts. He must be mathematician, historian, statesman, philosopher—in some degree. He must understand symbols and speak in words. He must contemplate the particular in terms of the general, and touch abstract and concrete in the same flight of thought. He must study the present in the light of the past for the purposes of the future. No part of man's nature or his institutions must lie entirely outside his regard. He must be purposeful and disinterested in a simultaneous mood; as aloof and incorruptible as an artist, yet sometimes as near the earth as a politician."

— from Alfred Marshall, 1842-1924, 1933

"The master-economist must possess a rare combination of gifts. He must be a mathematician, historian, statesman, philosopher—in some degree. He must understand symbols and speak in words. He must contemplate the particular in terms of the general, and touch abstract and concrete in the same flight of thought. He must study the present in the light of the past for the purposes of the future. No part of man's nature or his institutions must lie entirely outside his regard. He must be purposeful and disinterested in a single mood; as aloof and incorruptible as an artist, yet sometimes as near the earth as a politician."

— from Alfred Marshall, 1842-1924, 1924

All quotes by John Maynard Keynes (300)

The economic machine is not a self-regulating mechanism.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

The economic system is not a machine which, once set in motion, will automatically produce the desired results.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

The economic system is not a natural phenomenon, but a human institution.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

The economic system is not a perfect mechanism, but a flawed one.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

The economic system is not a static entity, but a dynamic one.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

The economic system is not a simple system, but a complex one.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

The economic system is not a closed system, but an open one.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

The economic system is not a deterministic system, but a probabilistic one.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

The economic system is not a linear system, but a non-linear one.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

In the long run we are all dead.

A Tract on Monetary Reform 1923

The difficulty lies not so much in developing new ideas as in escaping from old ones.

Essays in Persuasion 1933

Words ought to be a little wild, for they are the assault of thoughts on the unthinking.

A Tract on Monetary Reform 1923

Markets can remain irrational longer than you can remain solvent.

Letter to a stockbroker 1931

The importance of money flows from it being a link between the present and the future.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

Animal spirits: the spontaneous urge to action rather than inaction.

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936

If you owe your bank a hundred pounds, you have a problem. But if you owe a million, it has.

Attributed remark 1930

Lenin is said to have declared that the best way to destroy the capitalist system was to debauch the currency.

The Economic Consequences of the Peace 1919

By a continuing process of inflation, governments can confiscate, secretly and unobserved, an important part of the wealth of their citizens.

The Economic Consequences of the Peace 1919

There is no subtler, no surer means of overturning the existing basis of society than to debauch the currency.

The Economic Consequences of the Peace 1919

The process of wealth transfer through inflation is essentially theft.

The Economic Consequences of the Peace 1919