Kurt Koffka

The 'constancy' phenomena demonstrate the active role of the perceiver in constructing reality.

The 'figure-ground' organization is a fundamental principle of perception.

Motivation is not merely a drive reduction, but a striving towards a meaningful goal.

The development of the child is not a linear accumulation of skills, but a series of reorganizations.

The 'insight' experience is a sudden grasp of the whole structure of a problem.

The 'principle of Prägnanz' states that psychological organization will always be as 'good' as the prevailing conditions allow.

The 'isomorphism' hypothesis suggests a structural similarity between psychological and physiological processes.

Psychology should study experience as it is lived, not as it is analyzed into elements.

The 'closure' principle demonstrates our tendency to perceive incomplete figures as complete.

The 'proximity' principle states that elements close to each other tend to be grouped together.

The 'similarity' principle states that similar elements tend to be grouped together.

The 'continuity' principle states that elements that form a continuous line or pattern tend to be grouped together.

The 'common fate' principle states that elements moving in the same direction tend to be grouped together.

The 'good form' principle suggests that we tend to perceive the simplest and most stable organization.

The 'field theory' of Kurt Lewin is a direct descendant of Gestalt psychology.

The 'ecological approach' to perception, developed by James J. Gibson, has roots in Gestalt thinking.

Gestalt psychology offers a powerful alternative to behaviorism and structuralism.

The problem of 'meaning' is central to understanding human experience.

The 'self' is not a static entity, but a dynamic organization within the field of experience.

Psychology should be concerned with the 'what' and 'why' of behavior, not just the 'how'.