Simone de Beauvoir — "Man is defined as a human being and woman as a female – whenever she behaves as …"
Man is defined as a human being and woman as a female – whenever she behaves as a human being she is said to imitate the male.
Man is defined as a human being and woman as a female – whenever she behaves as a human being she is said to imitate the male.
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"To make oneself spiritual, one must make oneself a body."
"In the face of an obstacle which is impossible to overcome, stubbornness is stupid."
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
"The greatest danger for the future is indifference."
"To be free is to be responsible."
French existentialist philosopher whose The Second Sex (1949) is the foundational text of modern feminist theory. Closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre (lifetime partner and existentialist co-founder) and Albert Camus (existentialist contemporary in Paris). For an intellectual contrast, see Camille Paglia, American cultural critic and Sexual Personae author — Paglia argues for biological-essentialist roots of gender that Beauvoir's social-construction view — 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman' — explicitly rejects. The two are the cleanest constructed-vs-essentialist poles in feminist theory.
The standard scholarly entry points to Simone de Beauvoir's work: Toril Moi (Duke, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor) — Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman (1994); Margaret A. Simons (Southern Illinois University, Emerita) — Beauvoir and The Second Sex (1999); Kate Kirkpatrick (Oxford, Regent's Park College) — Becoming Beauvoir: A Life (2019). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Simone de Beauvoir.
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