Epictetus — "Every man's life is a warfare, and that long and various."
Every man's life is a warfare, and that long and various.
Every man's life is a warfare, and that long and various.
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"To a reasonable creature, that alone is insupportable which is unreasonable; but everything reasonable may be supported."
"When you have done good and received good, why do you look for any other reward?"
"If a man has a bad smell, he knows it not, but his neighbor knows it. So too with our faults."
"If someone is able to make you angry, then he is your master."
"He who is not a good servant will not be a good master."
Greek Stoic philosopher and former slave whose Discourses (recorded by his student Arrian) shaped Marcus Aurelius and the modern Stoic revival. Closely associated with Seneca (earlier Roman Stoic) and Marcus Aurelius (his student-by-text on the imperial throne). For an intellectual contrast, see Epicurus, Greek philosopher of pleasure-as-tranquility — the Stoic-Epicurean rivalry was the central philosophical debate of the Hellenistic and Roman world for 400 years — Epicurean materialist hedonism is the precise alternative the Stoic discipline-of-acceptance was built against.
The standard scholarly entry points to Epictetus's work: A.A. Long (UC Berkeley, Classics) — Epictetus: A Stoic and Socratic Guide to Life (2002); Pierre Hadot (Collège de France) — Philosophy as a Way of Life (1995); Anthony R. Birley (Manchester, Roman historian) — Marcus Aurelius (1987) — the standard biography of Epictetus's most famous student. These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Epictetus.
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