Alan Turing — "I am not a believer in the idea that the human mind is something supernatural."
I am not a believer in the idea that the human mind is something supernatural.
I am not a believer in the idea that the human mind is something supernatural.
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"Mathematical reasoning may be regarded rather schematically as the exercise of a combination of two facilities, which we may call intuition and ingenuity. The activity of the intuition consists in mak…"
"It seems probable that once the machine thinking method had started, it would not take long to outstrip our feeble powers… They would be able to converse with each other to sharpen their wits. At some…"
"The human mind is a self-organizing system."
"The activity of the intuition consists in making spontaneous judgements which are not the result of conscious trains of reasoning. These judgments are often but by no means invariably correct…"
"The problem of consciousness is a difficult one, and I do not have a solution to it."
Attributed, general philosophical stance, hard to pin down exact wording/source.
Date: Approx. 1950s
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The human mind works by natural, physical processes—not divine intervention, spiritual forces, or anything beyond ordinary matter and causation. Intelligence, reasoning, and consciousness emerge from mechanics that can be studied, modeled, and potentially replicated. No ghost, soul, or mystical element separates human thought from other natural phenomena. If we understand the brain's rules well enough, we can reproduce its outputs—in theory, on paper, or inside a machine.
Turing spent his career formalizing thinking itself. His 1936 universal machine showed computation could simulate any mental process, and his 1950 paper 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence' proposed the Turing Test because he believed intelligence was behavior, not essence. A committed materialist, he saw no principled barrier between brain and machine. His later morphogenesis work applied the same logic to biology: complex patterns arise from chemistry alone, not from any directing spirit.
Mid-twentieth-century Britain remained deeply Christian; the Church of England shaped public morality, and theology held that the soul was uniquely human and immaterial. Simultaneously, computing was emerging as a field that threatened that specialness—if a machine could mimic thought, what remained sacred about consciousness? Cold War science raced to explain everything mechanistically. Debates about mind, free will, and machine intelligence were urgent and unsettled, making Turing's flat denial of the supernatural quietly radical.
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