Epictetus — "If you are praised, consider yourself a donkey. If you are blamed, consider your…"
If you are praised, consider yourself a donkey. If you are blamed, consider yourself a donkey.
If you are praised, consider yourself a donkey. If you are blamed, consider yourself a donkey.
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"If you would be a reader, read; if a writer, write."
"If you want to be a man, or a woman, and do what is proper to a human being, do not go to others and ask, 'Am I a human being?'"
"It is better to starve than to eat meat offered to idols."
"First say to yourself what you would be; and then do what you have to do."
"When you have decided that a thing is good, and you cling to it, and you are not disturbed by it, then you have found your true good."
Greek Stoic philosopher and former slave whose Discourses (recorded by his student Arrian) shaped Marcus Aurelius and the modern Stoic revival. Closely associated with Seneca (earlier Roman Stoic) and Marcus Aurelius (his student-by-text on the imperial throne). For an intellectual contrast, see Epicurus, Greek philosopher of pleasure-as-tranquility — the Stoic-Epicurean rivalry was the central philosophical debate of the Hellenistic and Roman world for 400 years — Epicurean materialist hedonism is the precise alternative the Stoic discipline-of-acceptance was built against.
The standard scholarly entry points to Epictetus's work: A.A. Long (UC Berkeley, Classics) — Epictetus: A Stoic and Socratic Guide to Life (2002); Pierre Hadot (Collège de France) — Philosophy as a Way of Life (1995); Anthony R. Birley (Manchester, Roman historian) — Marcus Aurelius (1987) — the standard biography of Epictetus's most famous student. These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Epictetus.
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