Peter the Great — "Russia needs the sea."
Russia needs the sea.
Russia needs the sea.
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"I will make them literate, and then they will understand me."
"I have no fear of consequences, only of inaction."
"I am not a doctor, but I know how to cure my country."
"I have never been afraid of hard work."
"It is better to have one good admiral than ten bad ones."
Russian tsar (1682-1725) who Westernized Russia, founded St. Petersburg, and built Russia into a European great power. Closely associated with Catherine the Great (later Westernizing Russian empress). For an intellectual contrast, see Old Believers, Russian Orthodox traditionalist movement that rejected Patriarch Nikon's reforms and Peter's modernization — Peter's beard-shaving decrees, Western dress laws, and calendar changes triggered a religious-cultural schism — the founding poles of Russia's eternal 'European modernity vs Slavic tradition' debate that runs through Slavophiles, Solzhenitsyn, and contemporary Putin-era ideology.
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