Peter the Great — "Russia needs the sea."
Russia needs the sea.
Russia needs the sea.
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"Why do you come to me? Go to the Senate; they make the laws."
"Ignorance and obstinacy are the greatest enemies of the state."
"I am a Dutchman in my heart."
"The more a person knows, the more he understands how little he knows."
"My 'good fortune' consisted in having received fifty blows when I was condemned to receive a hundred."
Russian tsar (1682-1725) who Westernized Russia, founded St. Petersburg, and built Russia into a European great power. Closely associated with Catherine the Great (later Westernizing Russian empress). For an intellectual contrast, see Old Believers, Russian Orthodox traditionalist movement that rejected Patriarch Nikon's reforms and Peter's modernization — Peter's beard-shaving decrees, Western dress laws, and calendar changes triggered a religious-cultural schism — the founding poles of Russia's eternal 'European modernity vs Slavic tradition' debate that runs through Slavophiles, Solzhenitsyn, and contemporary Putin-era ideology.
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