Machiavelli — "The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the me…"
The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he has around him.
The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he has around him.
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"And it is to be noted that in taking a state, the conqueror must arrange to commit all his cruelties at once, so as not to have to repeat them daily, but to be able, by not repeating them, to reassure…"
"For of men it may generally be affirmed that they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you succeed they are entirely yours, offering you their blood, their property, their…"
"There is no surer way of holding an acquired state than by ruining it."
"God is not willing to do everything, and thus take away our free will and that share of glory which belongs to us."
"All men are bad and ever ready to use their inherent baseness whenever they have a free opportunity to do so."
Florentine diplomat and political theorist whose The Prince (written 1513) became the founding text of political realism and gave us the adjective 'Machiavellian.' Closely associated with Francesco Guicciardini (fellow Florentine political analyst and historian). For an intellectual contrast, see Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch humanist and The Education of a Christian Prince author (1516) — Erasmus's princely-instruction manual was published three years after Machiavelli's, for the same European audience, and is the explicit Christian-virtue alternative to Machiavellian power-realism. The cleanest 'realism vs idealism' founding pairing in modern political theory.
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