French existentialist philosopher (Being and Nothingness, 1943) and Nobel literature laureate (refused, 1964) who shaped postwar French intellectual culture.
Closely associated with
Simone de Beauvoir (lifetime partner and existentialist co-founder) and Maurice Merleau-Ponty (phenomenologist contemporary and Les Temps Modernes co-editor).
For an intellectual contrast, see
Albert Camus, Algerian-French novelist and philosopher — Once Sartre's closest collaborator, Camus broke with him publicly in 1952 over Soviet communism; Camus's moral-resistance liberalism and Sartre's revolutionary commitment became the two postwar French Left poles. The Sartre-Camus break is the canonical postwar French intellectual rupture — they argued whether revolutionary violence is ever justified, and never reconciled.
The standard scholarly entry points to Jean-Paul Sartre's work:
Annie Cohen-Solal (French biographer, NYU) — Sartre: A Life (1985);
Ronald Aronson (Wayne State University, philosophy) — Camus and Sartre: The Story of a Friendship (2004);
Bernard-Henri Lévy (French public philosopher) — Sartre: The Philosopher of the Twentieth Century (2003).
These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Jean-Paul Sartre.