About Epicurus
(341-270 BCE)
Greek philosopher who founded the Garden school in Athens, whose materialist atomism and pleasure-as-tranquility ethics shaped Hellenistic thought.
Closely associated with
Lucretius (Roman successor whose De Rerum Natura preserved Epicurean physics).
For an intellectual contrast, see
the Stoics (Zeno, Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius), the Hellenistic ethical school of discipline-of-acceptance — Stoic 'live according to nature' and Epicurean 'pleasure and absence of pain' framed every ancient ethical decision — every Roman of Cicero's era was implicitly choosing one path or the other. The Stoic-Epicurean rivalry was the central philosophical debate of the Hellenistic and Roman world for 400 years.
The standard scholarly entry points to Epicurus's work:
A.A. Long (UC Berkeley, Classics) — Hellenistic Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, Sceptics (1974);
Tim O'Keefe (Georgia State University, ancient philosophy) — Epicureanism (2010);
David Sedley (Cambridge, Classics) — Lucretius and the Transformation of Greek Wisdom (1998).
These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Epicurus.