Virgil — "Facilis descensus Averno: Noctes atque dies patet atri ianua Ditis; Sed revocare…"
Facilis descensus Averno: Noctes atque dies patet atri ianua Ditis; Sed revocare gradium superasque evadere ad auras, Hoc opus, hic labor est. (The gates of Hell are open night and day; Smooth the descent, and easy is the way: But to return, and view the cheerful skies, In this the task and mighty labor lies.)
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Roman poet of the Augustan age whose Aeneid is the founding national epic of Rome and Western literature's most-imitated hexameter poem.
Closely associated with
Ovid (younger Augustan poet of Metamorphoses) and Horace (third Augustan-era major poet).
For an intellectual contrast, see
Lucan, Roman poet (39-65 CE) of the Pharsalia — Lucan's Pharsalia explicitly rejected Virgilian Augustan epic by writing a civil-war epic that refused divine machinery and treated Roman empire as tragedy rather than destiny. Lucan's Pharsalia is a 60-years-later rebuke of the Aeneid's imperial theology — civil war as crime instead of providence.