Simone de Beauvoir — "For a woman to be a full human being, she must be entirely autonomous, entirely …"
For a woman to be a full human being, she must be entirely autonomous, entirely responsible for her own existence.
For a woman to be a full human being, she must be entirely autonomous, entirely responsible for her own existence.
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"The only way to be truly free is to accept the responsibility of one's own freedom."
"It is in the knowledge of the genuine conditions of our existence that we must draw our strength to live and our reasons for acting."
"She has been taught that she is a plaything, and she has learned to play."
"The fact that she is a woman has been a handicap for her in every respect."
"I am a woman with a mind and a body, and I use both."
French existentialist philosopher whose The Second Sex (1949) is the foundational text of modern feminist theory. Closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre (lifetime partner and existentialist co-founder) and Albert Camus (existentialist contemporary in Paris). For an intellectual contrast, see Camille Paglia, American cultural critic and Sexual Personae author — Paglia argues for biological-essentialist roots of gender that Beauvoir's social-construction view — 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman' — explicitly rejects. The two are the cleanest constructed-vs-essentialist poles in feminist theory.
The standard scholarly entry points to Simone de Beauvoir's work: Toril Moi (Duke, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor) — Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman (1994); Margaret A. Simons (Southern Illinois University, Emerita) — Beauvoir and The Second Sex (1999); Kate Kirkpatrick (Oxford, Regent's Park College) — Becoming Beauvoir: A Life (2019). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Simone de Beauvoir.
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