Vladimir Lenin — "History knows all sorts of metamorphoses. Relying on the reliability of one's co…"
History knows all sorts of metamorphoses. Relying on the reliability of one's convictions, on the honesty of one's intentions, on the sincerity of one's declarations — this is not a serious attitude to politics.
Click any product to generate a realistic preview. Up to 3 at a time. * Initial load can take up to 90 seconds — revising the preview in another color is nearly instant.
Russian revolutionary who led the October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and founded the Soviet state; What Is to Be Done? (1902) shaped 20th-century revolutionary practice.
Closely associated with
Leon Trotsky (his Red Army organizer and 1917 partner) and Karl Marx (the source Lenin claimed (and adapted)).
For an intellectual contrast, see
Karl Popper, Austrian-British philosopher — Popper's The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945) systematically attacked Marx-and-Lenin 'historical inevitability' as the philosophical structure that produces totalitarianism — Lenin's vanguard-party doctrine is Popper's primary 20th-century target.