In the beginning there were two primal spirits, Twins spontaneously active, These are the Good and the Evil, in thought, and in word, and in deed. Between these two, let the wise choose aright. Be good, not base!
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"I am the one who seeks to serve Ahura Mazda with devotion."
"May the evil-doer perish, and may the good be rewarded according to their deeds."
"He who takes care of the poor, he who helps the needy, he who loves the just, he who gives to the pious, shall attain the best existence."
"I will sing praises to You, O Ahura Mazda, with good thoughts and truthful words."
"The one who does not kill the serpent is himself a serpent."
Iranian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism, the first major religion of cosmic dualism between good (Ahura Mazda) and evil (Angra Mainyu). Closely associated with The Buddha (near-contemporary Eastern moral-cosmological revolutionary). For an intellectual contrast, see Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher of 'beyond good and evil' — Nietzsche appropriated Zarathustra's name for Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883) precisely to invert the original's moral cosmology — the historical Zoroaster founded the good-versus-evil framework Nietzsche's character announces the end of.
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Reality begins with two original forces that arose together and act on their own: one good, one evil. Their opposition plays out in how people think, what they say, and what they do. Every person faces a real choice between them in daily life, and wisdom means deliberately picking the good side. Morality is not passive or inherited; it is an active, ongoing decision, and you are responsible for choosing rightly rather than drifting into harm.
Zoroaster built his entire religion around this dualism, teaching that Ahura Mazda, the wise lord of light, stands opposed to Angra Mainyu, the destructive spirit. As a priest-turned-reformer, he rejected the ritualistic polytheism of his tribe and insisted salvation came through the personal triad of good thoughts, good words, and good deeds, the exact three arenas this saying names. His life's work was urging people to consciously align with truth (asha) over the lie (druj).
Zoroaster lived in Bronze Age Iran, roughly between 1500 and 1000 BCE, among pastoral Indo-Iranian tribes practicing polytheistic animal sacrifice and a priest-dominated ritual system. Cattle raids, warrior cults, and intoxicant-fueled ceremonies shaped daily religion. Into this world he introduced an unprecedented ethical monotheism centered on personal moral choice, influencing later Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Greek philosophy. His teachings would eventually become the state religion of the Persian Empire under the Achaemenids and Sasanians.
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