Arthur Schopenhauer — "It is a clear gain to sacrifice pleasure in order to avoid pain."
It is a clear gain to sacrifice pleasure in order to avoid pain.
It is a clear gain to sacrifice pleasure in order to avoid pain.
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"Style is the physiognomy of the mind. It is a more infallible index to character than the face."
"The life of an individual is a constant struggle, and not merely a metaphorical one against want or boredom, but also an actual struggle against other people."
"The greatest possible value of life is zero."
"The fundamental error of all systems of morality is that they are not based on observation."
"The doctor sees all the weakness of mankind; the lawyer all the wickedness, the theologian all the stupidity."
German philosopher of pessimism whose The World as Will and Representation (1819) defined the suffering-and-renunciation tradition. Closely associated with Immanuel Kant (the system Schopenhauer built on and revised). For an intellectual contrast, see G.W.F. Hegel, German Idealist of the rational unfolding of Spirit — Schopenhauer scheduled his Berlin lectures opposite Hegel's and spent decades attacking Hegel's optimistic system as deliberately mystifying nonsense — the foundational rivalry of 19th-century German philosophy.
The standard scholarly entry points to Arthur Schopenhauer's work: Bryan Magee (Oxford, populariser-philosopher) — The Philosophy of Schopenhauer (1983); Christopher Janaway (Southampton, Schopenhauer specialist) — Self and World in Schopenhauer's Philosophy (1989); David E. Cartwright (Wisconsin–Whitewater) — Schopenhauer: A Biography (2010). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Arthur Schopenhauer.
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