Simone de Beauvoir — "The future is a tool, not a destiny."
The future is a tool, not a destiny.
The future is a tool, not a destiny.
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"It is in the knowledge of the genuine conditions of our existence that we must draw our strength to live and our reasons for acting."
"If you want to be happy, you must be free."
"The greatest freedom is to be oneself."
"The most marvelous thing about love is that it makes the future possible."
"Man is a being for whom to be is to choose himself; and to choose himself is to choose himself as a freedom."
French existentialist philosopher whose The Second Sex (1949) is the foundational text of modern feminist theory. Closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre (lifetime partner and existentialist co-founder) and Albert Camus (existentialist contemporary in Paris). For an intellectual contrast, see Camille Paglia, American cultural critic and Sexual Personae author — Paglia argues for biological-essentialist roots of gender that Beauvoir's social-construction view — 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman' — explicitly rejects. The two are the cleanest constructed-vs-essentialist poles in feminist theory.
The standard scholarly entry points to Simone de Beauvoir's work: Toril Moi (Duke, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor) — Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman (1994); Margaret A. Simons (Southern Illinois University, Emerita) — Beauvoir and The Second Sex (1999); Kate Kirkpatrick (Oxford, Regent's Park College) — Becoming Beauvoir: A Life (2019). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Simone de Beauvoir.
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