German philosopher of 'God is dead,' ressentiment, and the will to power, who attacked Christian moral psychology at its foundations.
Closely associated with
Arthur Schopenhauer (his early intellectual father, later broken with).
For an intellectual contrast, see
Søren Kierkegaard, Danish Christian existentialist of the leap of faith — both diagnosed modern despair, but Kierkegaard's answer was Christ and Nietzsche's was the death of God — the two existentialist roads taken from the same starting point.
The standard scholarly entry points to Friedrich Nietzsche's work:
Walter Kaufmann (Princeton, the postwar Nietzsche rehabilitator) — Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist (1950);
Brian Leiter (University of Chicago Law School) — Nietzsche on Morality (2002);
Maudemarie Clark (UC Riverside, Emerita) — Nietzsche on Truth and Philosophy (1990).
These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Friedrich Nietzsche.