Simone de Beauvoir — "The only way to be free is to be yourself."
The only way to be free is to be yourself.
The only way to be free is to be yourself.
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"I am too intelligent, too demanding, too resourceful for anyone to be able to satisfy me sensibly."
"She was not born to be a wife, nor a mother, nor anything but herself."
"Man is a creature of choices, and his choices make him."
"There is something in the New York air that makes sleep useless."
"Man is a being for whom to be is to choose himself; and to choose himself is to choose himself as a freedom."
French existentialist philosopher whose The Second Sex (1949) is the foundational text of modern feminist theory. Closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre (lifetime partner and existentialist co-founder) and Albert Camus (existentialist contemporary in Paris). For an intellectual contrast, see Camille Paglia, American cultural critic and Sexual Personae author — Paglia argues for biological-essentialist roots of gender that Beauvoir's social-construction view — 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman' — explicitly rejects. The two are the cleanest constructed-vs-essentialist poles in feminist theory.
The standard scholarly entry points to Simone de Beauvoir's work: Toril Moi (Duke, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor) — Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman (1994); Margaret A. Simons (Southern Illinois University, Emerita) — Beauvoir and The Second Sex (1999); Kate Kirkpatrick (Oxford, Regent's Park College) — Becoming Beauvoir: A Life (2019). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Simone de Beauvoir.
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