Machiavelli — "The Romans, in order to hold Capua, Alba, and Ostia, did not destroy them, but g…"
The Romans, in order to hold Capua, Alba, and Ostia, did not destroy them, but gave them their own laws and left them free, and they did not hold them without difficulty.
— Machiavelli
Early Modern
· The Prince, political philosophy
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Florentine diplomat and political theorist whose The Prince (written 1513) became the founding text of political realism and gave us the adjective 'Machiavellian.'
Closely associated with
Francesco Guicciardini (fellow Florentine political analyst and historian).
For an intellectual contrast, see
Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch humanist and The Education of a Christian Prince author (1516) — Erasmus's princely-instruction manual was published three years after Machiavelli's, for the same European audience, and is the explicit Christian-virtue alternative to Machiavellian power-realism. The cleanest 'realism vs idealism' founding pairing in modern political theory.