Peter the Great — "The sea is our future."
The sea is our future.
The sea is our future.
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"The clergy is a different body, but the state is the same."
"I am not afraid of an army of lions led by a sheep; I am afraid of an army of sheep led by a lion."
"To have a strong army and navy, one must have money. To have money, one must have trade. To have trade, one must have a sea port."
"The greatest glory consists not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall."
"I do not know what is good for Russia, but I know what is not."
Russian tsar (1682-1725) who Westernized Russia, founded St. Petersburg, and built Russia into a European great power. Closely associated with Catherine the Great (later Westernizing Russian empress). For an intellectual contrast, see Old Believers, Russian Orthodox traditionalist movement that rejected Patriarch Nikon's reforms and Peter's modernization — Peter's beard-shaving decrees, Western dress laws, and calendar changes triggered a religious-cultural schism — the founding poles of Russia's eternal 'European modernity vs Slavic tradition' debate that runs through Slavophiles, Solzhenitsyn, and contemporary Putin-era ideology.
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