Peter the Great — "I will open a window to Europe."
I will open a window to Europe.
I will open a window to Europe.
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"He who does not change, does not live."
"I have cut off the beards of my boyars, but I cannot cut off their stubbornness."
"The pen is mightier than the sword, but only if the sword is at the service of the pen."
"I know that I shall have to render an account to God for all my actions."
"I have given Russia a window to Europe."
Russian tsar (1682-1725) who Westernized Russia, founded St. Petersburg, and built Russia into a European great power. Closely associated with Catherine the Great (later Westernizing Russian empress). For an intellectual contrast, see Old Believers, Russian Orthodox traditionalist movement that rejected Patriarch Nikon's reforms and Peter's modernization — Peter's beard-shaving decrees, Western dress laws, and calendar changes triggered a religious-cultural schism — the founding poles of Russia's eternal 'European modernity vs Slavic tradition' debate that runs through Slavophiles, Solzhenitsyn, and contemporary Putin-era ideology.
Famously said regarding his ambition to connect Russia with Western Europe, often linked to the founding of St. Petersburg.
Date: Early 18th century
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