Arthur Schopenhauer — "The world is not to be enjoyed, but to be overcome."
The world is not to be enjoyed, but to be overcome.
The world is not to be enjoyed, but to be overcome.
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"The chief source of man's unhappiness is that he does not know how to stay quietly in his room."
"The more we have, the more we want."
"Man is at bottom a savage, horrible beast. We know it, if we look at the origin of society."
"The only original philosophical thought is that life is not worth living."
"We often find that people are most insolent and arrogant where they have least reason to be so."
German philosopher of pessimism whose The World as Will and Representation (1819) defined the suffering-and-renunciation tradition. Closely associated with Immanuel Kant (the system Schopenhauer built on and revised). For an intellectual contrast, see G.W.F. Hegel, German Idealist of the rational unfolding of Spirit — Schopenhauer scheduled his Berlin lectures opposite Hegel's and spent decades attacking Hegel's optimistic system as deliberately mystifying nonsense — the foundational rivalry of 19th-century German philosophy.
The standard scholarly entry points to Arthur Schopenhauer's work: Bryan Magee (Oxford, populariser-philosopher) — The Philosophy of Schopenhauer (1983); Christopher Janaway (Southampton, Schopenhauer specialist) — Self and World in Schopenhauer's Philosophy (1989); David E. Cartwright (Wisconsin–Whitewater) — Schopenhauer: A Biography (2010). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Arthur Schopenhauer.
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