Do not to others what ye do not wish Done to yourself; and wish for others too. What ye desire and long for, for yourself. This is the whole of righteousness, heed it well.
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"May good thoughts, good words, good deeds lead to Paradise."
"I know, O Wise One, that I am powerless; I have few cattle and few men."
"The liar shall perish, but the truthful shall dwell in the House of Song."
"There are two fundamental spirits, twins which in waking hours are heard, but in thought are not seen. They are the better and the bad. Of these two, the wise have chosen rightly, not so the foolish."
"The reward of the righteous is given through the Good Mind."
Iranian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism, the first major religion of cosmic dualism between good (Ahura Mazda) and evil (Angra Mainyu). Closely associated with The Buddha (near-contemporary Eastern moral-cosmological revolutionary). For an intellectual contrast, see Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher of 'beyond good and evil' — Nietzsche appropriated Zarathustra's name for Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883) precisely to invert the original's moral cosmology — the historical Zoroaster founded the good-versus-evil framework Nietzsche's character announces the end of.
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Treat other people the way you want them to treat you. Don't inflict harm, insult, or unfairness on anyone if you wouldn't want to be on the receiving end, and actively want good things for others the same way you want good things for yourself. This mutual standard of care, the quote says, is the entire foundation of moral behavior, not just one rule among many.
Zoroaster founded one of the world's earliest ethical monotheisms, organized around the triad of good thoughts, good words, and good deeds. He preached personal moral accountability and a cosmic struggle between truth (asha) and lie (druj), where each individual's choices tipped the balance. Framing reciprocity as 'the whole of righteousness' matches his practice of boiling complex ritual religion down to simple, universally testable ethics.
Zoroaster lived in Bronze/Iron Age Iran, likely between 1500 and 1000 BCE, amid tribal polytheism, cattle-raiding warlords, and blood-sacrifice cults. Ethical conduct was typically owed only to kin or clan, not outsiders. By declaring a single wise creator and extending moral duty to all people, his teaching was radical, and later shaped Persian imperial law under the Achaemenids and influenced Jewish, Christian, and Islamic ethics.
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