Peter the Great — "I have never spared myself, and I have never spared others."
I have never spared myself, and I have never spared others.
I have never spared myself, and I have never spared others.
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"I would rather be a good artisan than a bad king."
"I have seen the future, and it is in the West."
"That gentleman seems to be much dissatisfied with his tailor."
"It is better to be feared than loved, if one cannot be both."
"The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don't know."
Russian tsar (1682-1725) who Westernized Russia, founded St. Petersburg, and built Russia into a European great power. Closely associated with Catherine the Great (later Westernizing Russian empress). For an intellectual contrast, see Old Believers, Russian Orthodox traditionalist movement that rejected Patriarch Nikon's reforms and Peter's modernization — Peter's beard-shaving decrees, Western dress laws, and calendar changes triggered a religious-cultural schism — the founding poles of Russia's eternal 'European modernity vs Slavic tradition' debate that runs through Slavophiles, Solzhenitsyn, and contemporary Putin-era ideology.
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