Peter the Great — "I will make them literate, and then they will understand me."
I will make them literate, and then they will understand me.
I will make them literate, and then they will understand me.
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"I shall make Russia great, even if I have to hang half of it."
"I would rather lose a battle than lose my spirit."
"I am a soldier and I will die as a soldier."
"I will open a window to Europe."
"The beard is a superfluous ornament."
Russian tsar (1682-1725) who Westernized Russia, founded St. Petersburg, and built Russia into a European great power. Closely associated with Catherine the Great (later Westernizing Russian empress). For an intellectual contrast, see Old Believers, Russian Orthodox traditionalist movement that rejected Patriarch Nikon's reforms and Peter's modernization — Peter's beard-shaving decrees, Western dress laws, and calendar changes triggered a religious-cultural schism — the founding poles of Russia's eternal 'European modernity vs Slavic tradition' debate that runs through Slavophiles, Solzhenitsyn, and contemporary Putin-era ideology.
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