Arthur Schopenhauer — "No man is happy; he can only strive to be so."
No man is happy; he can only strive to be so.
No man is happy; he can only strive to be so.
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"The character of a man is formed by what he does when he is alone."
"The world is a stage on which a tragedy is performed, and the actors are all madmen."
"The first forty years of life give us the text; the next thirty supply the commentary."
"The greatest happiness is to be born, and the least to die."
"The value of a man is not measured by the number of truths he has accumulated, but by the extent to which he has freed himself from error."
German philosopher of pessimism whose The World as Will and Representation (1819) defined the suffering-and-renunciation tradition. Closely associated with Immanuel Kant (the system Schopenhauer built on and revised). For an intellectual contrast, see G.W.F. Hegel, German Idealist of the rational unfolding of Spirit — Schopenhauer scheduled his Berlin lectures opposite Hegel's and spent decades attacking Hegel's optimistic system as deliberately mystifying nonsense — the foundational rivalry of 19th-century German philosophy.
The standard scholarly entry points to Arthur Schopenhauer's work: Bryan Magee (Oxford, populariser-philosopher) — The Philosophy of Schopenhauer (1983); Christopher Janaway (Southampton, Schopenhauer specialist) — Self and World in Schopenhauer's Philosophy (1989); David E. Cartwright (Wisconsin–Whitewater) — Schopenhauer: A Biography (2010). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Arthur Schopenhauer.
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