Simone de Beauvoir — "Old age is a caricature of our former self."
Old age is a caricature of our former self.
Old age is a caricature of our former self.
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"One must not let oneself be caught by surprise by death."
"To exist is to be responsible for one's own existence."
"No woman should be authorized to stay at home to raise her children. Society must be altered so that women are not dependent on men and so that children are not dependent on women."
"The purpose of life is to live it."
"If we are to abolish the slavery of women, the first step is to abolish the family."
French existentialist philosopher whose The Second Sex (1949) is the foundational text of modern feminist theory. Closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre (lifetime partner and existentialist co-founder) and Albert Camus (existentialist contemporary in Paris). For an intellectual contrast, see Camille Paglia, American cultural critic and Sexual Personae author — Paglia argues for biological-essentialist roots of gender that Beauvoir's social-construction view — 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman' — explicitly rejects. The two are the cleanest constructed-vs-essentialist poles in feminist theory.
The standard scholarly entry points to Simone de Beauvoir's work: Toril Moi (Duke, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor) — Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman (1994); Margaret A. Simons (Southern Illinois University, Emerita) — Beauvoir and The Second Sex (1999); Kate Kirkpatrick (Oxford, Regent's Park College) — Becoming Beauvoir: A Life (2019). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Simone de Beauvoir.
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