What it means
The speaker asks the supreme god Ahura Mazda a series of direct questions about who is responsible for the fundamental workings of the universe. Who keeps the earth stable and stops the sky from collapsing? Who created water, plants, wind, and clouds? Who gave humans the capacity for good thinking? The questions are rhetorical, pointing toward one answer: a single wise creator behind all of nature and morality.
Relevance to Zoroaster
Zoroaster was a priest and religious reformer who broke from the polytheistic traditions of ancient Iran to preach worship of one supreme god, Ahura Mazda, the Wise Lord. These verses come from the Gathas, hymns he composed himself. The questioning style reflects his role as a prophet wrestling publicly with theology, and the emphasis on Good Thought (Vohu Manah) matches his doctrine that ethical cognition is central to serving the creator.
The era
Zoroaster lived in ancient Iran, likely between 1500 and 1000 BCE, among pastoral tribes worshipping many nature gods through animal sacrifice and ritual drink. Surrounding cultures accepted a crowded pantheon where different deities controlled earth, sky, water, and weather. By attributing all creation to one wise god and linking cosmic order to moral thought, Zoroaster was proposing a radical monotheistic and ethical framework centuries before similar ideas took hold elsewhere.
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