Simone de Beauvoir — "There is no such thing as a natural woman. Woman is a social construction."
There is no such thing as a natural woman. Woman is a social construction.
There is no such thing as a natural woman. Woman is a social construction.
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"The individual is not a fixed entity, but a process of self-creation."
"The only way to make sense of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance."
"The meaning of life is not to be found in some transcendent realm, but in our concrete existence."
"Old age is a caricature of our former self."
"Self-knowledge is no guarantee of happiness, but it is on the side of happiness and can supply the courage to fight for it."
French existentialist philosopher whose The Second Sex (1949) is the foundational text of modern feminist theory. Closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre (lifetime partner and existentialist co-founder) and Albert Camus (existentialist contemporary in Paris). For an intellectual contrast, see Camille Paglia, American cultural critic and Sexual Personae author — Paglia argues for biological-essentialist roots of gender that Beauvoir's social-construction view — 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman' — explicitly rejects. The two are the cleanest constructed-vs-essentialist poles in feminist theory.
The standard scholarly entry points to Simone de Beauvoir's work: Toril Moi (Duke, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor) — Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman (1994); Margaret A. Simons (Southern Illinois University, Emerita) — Beauvoir and The Second Sex (1999); Kate Kirkpatrick (Oxford, Regent's Park College) — Becoming Beauvoir: A Life (2019). These are the works graduate seminars cite when teaching Simone de Beauvoir.
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