Fifthly, passport and traveling privileges should be absolutely forbidden to the Jews. For they have no business in the countryside, since they are not farmers or craftsmen or merchants, but only usurers, and they should remain at home.
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"Fourthly, their rabbis must be forbidden under threat of death to teach any more."
"Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one. Through it, God intends to spread the true knowledge of religion through the whole world."
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"The law of God is not given to make us righteous, but to show us our unrighteousness."
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German theologian whose 95 Theses (1517) launched the Protestant Reformation and broke the Catholic Church's monopoly on Western Christianity. Closely associated with Philipp Melanchthon (Lutheran systematizer) and John Calvin (later Reformer who built on Luther's break). For an intellectual contrast, see Pope Leo X, Renaissance pope (1513-1521) — Leo X's indulgence sales triggered Luther's break and Leo excommunicated him in 1521 — Luther's entire Reformation is structured as a direct answer to the indulgence-funded Vatican Leo represented.
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The speaker demands that Jews be banned from travel and denied passports. He claims they contribute nothing useful to rural economies because they are not farmers, artisans, or legitimate traders, only moneylenders charging interest. Therefore, he argues, they should be confined to their homes. It is a call for forced restriction of movement rooted in economic stereotyping and religious hostility, treating an entire people as parasitic and undeserving of free participation in society.
Late in life, Luther turned viciously against Jews after they refused to convert to his reformed Christianity. His 1543 treatise On the Jews and Their Lies proposed seven harsh measures, including burning synagogues, destroying homes, and banning travel, quoted here verbatim. Once a reformer who challenged Catholic authority on scriptural grounds, Luther applied the same absolutist certainty to condemn Jewish communities, leaving a dark legacy later exploited by antisemitic movements including the Nazi regime.
In 1540s Germany, Jews were already confined to ghettos, barred from most guilds, and restricted to moneylending because Christians were forbidden usury. Charles V ruled a fracturing Holy Roman Empire where Protestant princes were codifying new religious laws. Expulsions from Spain (1492), Portugal, and various German cities had displaced Jewish populations repeatedly. Luther's writings gave theological cover for territorial rulers to impose fresh restrictions, reinforcing a centuries-old pattern of scapegoating during economic anxiety and religious upheaval.
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