Peter the Great — "He who does not change, does not live."
He who does not change, does not live.
He who does not change, does not live.
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"I have never spared myself, and I have never spared others."
"I am putting my trust in God and in my cannon."
"I have given Russia a window to Europe."
"I have no time for idleness."
"We need not only to learn, but also to teach others."
Russian tsar (1682-1725) who Westernized Russia, founded St. Petersburg, and built Russia into a European great power. Closely associated with Catherine the Great (later Westernizing Russian empress). For an intellectual contrast, see Old Believers, Russian Orthodox traditionalist movement that rejected Patriarch Nikon's reforms and Peter's modernization — Peter's beard-shaving decrees, Western dress laws, and calendar changes triggered a religious-cultural schism — the founding poles of Russia's eternal 'European modernity vs Slavic tradition' debate that runs through Slavophiles, Solzhenitsyn, and contemporary Putin-era ideology.
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